Rebecca Araujo

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Increasing rates of even light physical activity from childhood through young adulthood may be an important step in reducing insulin resistance and lowering the risk of type 2 diabetes, according to a study published in <a href="https://academic.oup.com/jcem/advance-article/doi/10.1210/clinem/dgae135/7619234" target="_blank" rel="noopener">The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology &amp; Metabolism</a>.
This observational study included 792 children from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, UK. Accelerometer-based movement behavior was collected at ages 11, 15, and 24 along with complete fasting glucose, insulin, and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) measures at ages 15, 17, and 24. The study also collected data on sedentary time, light physical activity, and moderate to vigorous physical activity to assess their impact on glucose, insulin, and insulin resistance.
Among the participants, sedentary time increased while light physical activity levels decreased from ages 11 to 24 in both male and female participants. The study found that cumulative sedentary time from ages 11 to 24 was associated with increased odds of hyperinsulinemia in patients who were obese or overweight (odds ratio [OR], 1.20; 95% CI, 1.00-1.44; P=.047). In contrast, cumulative light physical activity was associated with a decreased odds of hyperinsulinemia in obese and overweight participants (OR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.66-0.96; P=.017). Moderate to vigorous physical activity was inversely associated with insulin levels, although this relationship was not statistically significant after accounting for fat mass.
In participants who were overweight or obese, higher glucose at age 15 was associated with lower levels of light and moderate to vigorous physical activity at 24 years. Higher levels of light physical activity at age 15 were associated with lower insulin and HOMA-IR at 24 years.
In summary, “Increased cumulative [light physical activity] strongly associates with a lower risk of hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance progression from childhood through young adulthood,” the authors wrote. “An increase in cumulative [sedentary time] was associated with worsening metabolic indices, particularly in participants who were overweight and obese.”

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Increasing rates of even light physical activity from childhood through young adulthood may be an important step in reducing insulin resistance.

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