Urban Health Today Editors

Urban Health Today

Demographic enrollment data for acute leukemia trials is suboptimal, according to a new <a href="https://ashpublications.org/bloodadvances/article/doi/10.1182/bloodadvances.2021005148/476759/Racial-and-Ethnic-Enrollment-Disparities-and">study</a>.Of 223 acute myeloid leukemia (AML) trials and 97 acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) trials from 2002-2017, about one-third (30.5%) and one-half (52.6%) reported enrollment by both race and ethnicity, the study showed. For both trials, non-Hispanic White patients were enrolled at significantly higher rates.According to the study, analyses of cancer clinical trials in the early 2000s demonstrated significant disparities in enrollment by race and ethnicity.&ldquo;In response, federal and medical society policies were introduced in the late 2000s aiming to reduce such disparities by promoting data transparency through public demographic reporting,&rdquo; the researchers wrote. &ldquo;Little is known about disparities in enrollment and the effects of these policies on enrollment diversity for patients with acute myeloid (AML) or lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).&rdquo;The researchers looked at demographic information for U.S. AML and ALL trials over a 15-year period to examine changes in reporting and diversity after reporting requirements were instituted.During the study period, reporting of race increased from 44.2% of trials to 60.2%, but reporting of both race and ethnicity did not (34.8% to 38.6%).Among those trials that included race and ethnicity, non-Hispanic Black, non-Hispanic Native American, non-Hispanic Asian, and Hispanic patients had significantly lower enrollment compared to non-Hispanic white patients (all P&lt;0.01).Reporting proportion by number of patients enrolled increased significantly after reporting requirements were initiated for race and race/ethnicity (all P&lt;0.001).Despite this, enrollment of non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic patients was significantly lower in the period after the reporting requirements for both AML and ALL.&ldquo;Further innovations are sorely needed to connect patients to appropriate clinical trials and to overcome structural and clinician-based recruitment barriers; examples include creating multilevel enrollment reporting feedback interventions, designing expansion cohorts specifically for underrepresented groups, and developing ethical reimbursement strategies for participation,&rdquo; the researchers wrote.

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