Studies have shown that menopause is associated with muscle loss and strength decline in women. Studies have found that having both ovaries removed before natural menopause increases the risk of cognitive impairment. Less than half women reported that their HCP counseled them on postmenopausal bleeding being a symptom of endometrial cancer. After menopause, accelerated plaque buildup in women’s arteries rapidly increases their heart disease risk to match men's. The skin of postmenopausal women who receive HRT is more prone to inflammation but also to self-repair. Women who enter menopause before age 40 are twice as likely to die from heart disease. “Women should know that hormone therapy is safe and beneficial.” Scientists believe that hormones may contribute to these sex differences in susceptibility to lung cancer. Women experiencing earlier menopause and higher vascular risk had lower cognitive scores. Post-menopausal non-Hispanic Black women are more likely to experience weight gain than non-Hispanic white women. The study revealed that Black, Asian, and Latina women on average begin menopause earlier than white women.